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1 περιτρέφω
Aτέτροφα A.R.2.738
:—cause, make to congeal around, πάχνην l.c.: metaph.,ἄλγος π. κραδίην Nic.Th. 299
:—[voice] Pass., περιτρέφεται κυκόωντι [ the milk] forms curds as you mix it, Il.5.903; σακέεσσι περιτρέφετο κρύσταλλος the ice froze hard upon the shields, Od.14.477;τὸ περιτεθραμμένον σοι σαρκίδιον M.Ant.12.1
, cf. Gal.2.504.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > περιτρέφω
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2 ἐπελαύνω
b drive to a place, ἐπελάντω (non-thematic [ per.] 3pl. imper.)βοῦς τρεῖς SIG1025.11
([place name] Cos).2 in Hom., lay metal beaten out into plates over a surface (cf.ἐλαύνω 111.1
),ἐπὶ δ' ὄγδοον ἤλασε χαλκόν Il.7.223
;πολλὸς δ' ἐπελήλατο χαλκός 13.804
, cf. 17.493.3 metaph., ὅρκους ἐπελαύνειν τινί force an oath upon one, Hdt.1.146, cf. 6.62.II drive or ride against,ἱππον τινί X.Eq.8.11
; lead against,τὴν στρατιήν Hdt.1.164
; push forcibly against,στέρνα θ' ὁμοῦ καὶ χεῖρας A.R.1.381
.2 intr., march against, Hdt.1.17, al.;τινί X. HG7.1.21
;ἐπὶ Βαβυλῶνα Hdt.3.151
, cf. 7.9.α'; ἐπήλασαν οἱ ἱππόται
charged,Id.
9.49, cf. 18, Arr.Tact.4.7, al.; τρεῖς [νῆες] ἐπήλασαν περὶ τὸ ἕρμα drove upon the rock, Hdt.7.183: c. acc. loci, march over, Luc.Rh.Pr.5.III [voice] Pass., to be driven in after, τὸ -όμενον [τοῦ τομέως] X.Eq.Mag.2.3.IV [voice] Med., [ per.] 3pl. [tense] aor. imper., ἐπελασάσθων οἱ ἁλιασταί let them impose a fine, IG5(2).6.23 ([place name] Tegea): [ per.] 3pl. [tense] pres. imper. (non-thematic), ἐπελάσθω (fr. Επελάνσθω)τὰ ἐπιζάμια Tab.Heracl.1.127
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπελαύνω
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3 κρύσταλλος
Grammatical information: m.Derivatives: κρυστάλλιον `id.' ( PHolm.), also plant-name = ψύλλιον (Dsc.; because of the cooling effect, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 83); κρυστάλλ-ινος `icy-cold' (Hp.), `of rock-crystall' (D. C.), - ώδης `icy, crystalclear' (Ptol., PHolm.); κρυσταλλ-όομαι `freeze' (Ph.), - ίζω `glow like crystal' (Apoc.); further κρυσταίνομαι `freeze' (Nic. Al. 314), prob. free analogical formation to κρύσταλλος after other cases of the interchange ν: λ (diff. Schwyzer 706; ?).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The word is sonnected (Chantraine Formation 247, Schwyzer 484) with Lat. crusta `bark, crust'. However, this is wrong as the Latin word has a quite different meaning: `the hard surface of a body, the rind, shell, crust, bark' which protects it' (Lewis and Short); so it has nothing to do with cold; it is used of flumen, indicating a covering or crust of ice, but this is an incidental use, a metaphor, not the central aspect of the meaning. The word, then, has nothing to do with words for `cold, ice'. (Its etymology with κρύος must therefore be given up; there is no other proposal.) - As Kuiper FS Kretschmer 1, 215 n. 16 remarked the word is Pre-Greek because of the suffix - αλλο- (all Greek words in - αλλο- are of Pre-Greek origin; there are no Greek words of IE origin with this suffix; it is not - αλ- with expressively geminated λ (as Chantraine often says) and not from κρύ-ος as then the formation cannot be explained. This is confirmed by the variant κρόστ-. The word means `ice' and was also used for rock-crystal, probably because this looks like (a piece of) ice, as it is transparant (in antiquity this was very remarkable). Pliny (37, 23) still thinks it is ice. We now know that rock-crystal is a mineral; it is quartz, a silicate (SiO₂). The semi-precious amethyst and agate are varieties. S. Beekes, FS Kortlandt.See also: s. κρύοςGreek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρύσταλλος
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4 κρύος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `icy cold, frost' (Hes. Op. 494, A. in lyr., Arist., Jul.).Derivatives: κρυόεις `horrible, lugubrious' (Il., Hes., Pi.), `icy-cold' (A. R., AP, Orph.) with analogical - ο- (cf. also Debrunner Άντίδωρον 28); s. also ὀκρυόεις; κρυώδης `id.' (Plu., Poll.); further perh. κρυερός `horrible, lugubrious' (Hom., Hes., Ar. in lyr.), `icy-cold' (Simon., Ar. in lyr.); cf. below. - Beside κρύος there are as independent formations: 1. κρῡμός m. `icy cold, frost, horror' (Ion., trag., hell.) with κρυμώδης `icy-cold' (Hp., Ph., AP), κρυμαλέος `id.' (S. E.; Debrunner IF 23, 22, Chantraine Formation 254), κρυμ-αίνω `make cold' (Hdn.), - ώσσω `be rigid from cold' (Theognost.). -- 2. κρύσταλλος s.v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The wordgroup has cognates in diff. languages. On κρύσταλλος, which is Pre-Greek, s.v. The word is sonnected (Chantraine Formation 247, Schwyzer 484) with Lat. crusta `bark, crust'. However, this is wrong as the Latin word has a quite different meaning: `the hard surface of a body, the rind, shell, crust, bark' which protects it' (Lewis and Short); so it has nothing to do with cold; it is used of flumen, indicating a covering or crust of ice, but this is an incidental use, a metaphor, not the central aspect of the meaning. The word, then, has nothing to do with words for `cold, ice'. (Its etymology with κρύος must therefore be given up; there is no other proposal.) Further one connects Toch. B krost, A kuraś etc. `cold' (Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 155 f.), but the -o- is difficult. One assumed for crusta the zero grade of an s-stem (so this is now wrong or irrelevant); beside it one proposed a full grade of the suffix in IE. *kruu̯-es- (?), Gr. κρύ-ος and in Latv. kruv-es-is `frozen mud'. Now *kruu̯-es- is not an admitted IE formation. It may have been * kruh₁-es-. [Not, with Frisk, to the word for `blood' Lat. cruōr \< * kreuh₂-ōs, Gr. κρέ(Ϝ)ας \< *kreu̯h₂-s-, s. v.] - With κρῡμός agrees Av. xrū-ma- `horrible'; but this word is analysed as * kruh₂-mo- and connected with the group of `blood' (above). One compared κρύος: κρῦμός with θύος: θῡμός, but the implication is not clear. The often assumed basic forms *κρύσ-ος, *κρυσ-μός are improbable (Frisk; does Chantraine accept this?) - κρυερός reminds of Skt. krūrá-, Av. xrūra- `wounded, raw, bloody, horrible', which points to * kruH-ro- (and Lat. crūdus `raw', if from * crūrus). κρυερός may have been rebuilt after the adj. in - ερός, but it can as well be an independent derivation from κρύος; cf. Bloch Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 23 n. 22. It might continue * kruh₁-er- (reconstructed above). Chantraine rejects the connection with `blood', as it would not fit semantically (but I think it fits very well) or formally. - A verbal * kreus- appears in Germanic, e.g. OWNo. *hrjósa, pret. hraus `shiver' with the zero grade verbal noun OHG hroso, -a `ice, crust'. On OIc. hrjósa see De Vries Wb., who denies that it has to do with cold or ice. - [Kluge22 s.v. Kruste derives it from `verkrustetes Blut', which must be wrong, s. above.].Page in Frisk: 2,28-29Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρύος
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5 πηγη
Grammatical information: f.Other forms: Dor. παγά.Derivatives: Dimin. πηγ-ίον (pap. IIa), - ίδιον (Suid.); the adj. - αῖος `belonging to the w.' (IA.), - ιμαῖος `id.' (Hdn. Epim.); the verb - άζω, also w. ἀνα-, κατα-, `to spring up' (Ph., AP), παγάσασθαι aor. inf. `to bathe in a w.' (Dodona; late.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin](X)Etymology: Formation like πληγ-ή, λήθ-η, ζω-ή a.o.; without explanation. -- Referring to the many designations for `well' from `cold' (e.g. OCS studenьcь: studenъ, Lith. šaltìnis: šáltas, νίβα [= νίφα] χιόνα, καλεῖται δε οὕτως καὶ κρήνη ἐν Θρᾳκῃ Phot.) by Grošelj Živa Ant. 4, 173 f. connected with πήγνυμαι in the meaning `stiffened, freeze', πηγυλίς `ice-cold' (cf. also παγετώδης `ice-cold', of water: παγετός `ice'); to be considered. Cf. also Στύξ. Older lit. w. explanations which are to be rejected in Bq. - A Pre-Greek word seems quite probable.Page in Frisk: 2,525Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πηγη
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6 πάγη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `snare, trap' (IA.)Compounds: As 1. member supposed in πάγ-ουρος m. `edible crab', but s.v.; as 2. member it seems to be found in ἐπίπαγος m. `hardened frozen crust' (Plu., medic.), backformation from ἐπι-πήγνυμι, - μαι.Derivatives: Dimin. παγίς, - ίδος f. `id.' (Ar. Fr. 666, hell.) with - ιδεύω, - ίδευμα (LXX). -- πάγος m. 1. `pinnacle, cliff, hill' (ep. Ion. since ε 405, 411); 2. (late also n. after ῥῖγος, κρύος) `ice, hoarfrost, frost', also of salt deposits and of cudled blood etc. (A., S., Pl., Arist.). -- From this (or from παγ-ῆναι, πήγνυμι) 1. παγ-ετός m. = πάγος 2. (Pi., IA.) with παγετ-ώδης `ice-like, icecold' (Hp., S., Arist.); 2. παγ-ερός `freezing, icecold' (D. Chr., Arist.: κρυερός); 3. παγώδης = παγετώδης (Thphr.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [787] *peh₂k\/g- `make fast, stiff'Etymology: Prop. "the fastening, sticking fast" (also of the firm) cliff as opposed to movable sea or the lose earth; diff. Porzig Satzinhalte 318 f.), "getting stiff, freezing"; acc. to Havers Sprache 4, 27 "who mak fast, stiff", in any case verbal nouns of πήγνυμι, s.v. Cf. πάξ, πάσσαλος, πάχνη.Page in Frisk: 2,459-460Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πάγη
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7 σύνοδος
A = συνοδοιπόρος, AP7.635 (Antiphil.), Arr.Epict. 2.14.8, 3.21.5, Certamen 245, Man.5.58.------------------------------------σύνοδος (B), ἡ,A assembly, meeting, esp. for deliberation, Orac. ap. Hdt.9.43, And.1.47, Th.1.96, 119, IG42(1).68.93 (Epid., iv B.C.), etc.;ξ. Ἀχαιῶν E.Hec. 107
(anap.);σ. κώμης BGU1648.6
(ii A.D.);σ. συλλεγῆναι Hdt.9.27
; (prose decree);ἀπὸ κοινῶν ξ. βουλεύειν Th.1.97
; ἐκ τῶν ξ. Id.5.17; σ. πρὸς τῷ διαιτητῇ meeting of parties in court, D.54.29: pl., of political clubs or conspiracies, Sol.4.22, Ar.Eq. 477, Th.3.82, Pl.Tht. 173d; ἑταιρείας μὴ ποιεῖσθε μηδὲ ς. Isoc.3.54; also of private meetings or gatherings for discussion, διαλεκτικαὶ ς. Arist.Top. 159a32; of synods of the church, Cod.Just.1.1.7.12.2 national gathering, Th.3.104, Pl.Smp. 197d; αἱ ἀρχαῖαι θυσίαι καὶ ς. Arist.EN 1160a26: hence, society for festal purposes,τῶν ἐρανιστῶν IG22.1369.32
;τῶν μυστῶν SIG851.25
(Smyrna, ii A.D.);τῶν Ἀσκλαπιαστᾶν IG42(1).679
(Epid.).3 company, guild, (Delph., ii B.C.); [ συγγεωργῶν] Sammelb.7457.5,9 (ii B.C.); athletic club, OGI486.17 (Pergam., ii A.D.), 713.9 (Alexandria, iii A.D.); ἡ ἱερὰ ξυστικὴ περιπολιστικὴ.. ς. PLond.3.1178.38 (ii A.D.), cf. POxy.908.9 (ii A.D.), IG22.1350.5 = συνουσία, sexual intercourse, Arist.HA 541a31, Clearch.49, Ph.1.148, Plu.Lyc. 15, Gal.15.47.II of things, coming together, constriction, κυάνεαι σύνοδοι θαλάσσας, of the straits of the Bosporus, E.IT 393 (lyr.); ἡ σ. τοῦ πλησίον ἀλλήλων τεθῆναι the coming together resulting from juxtaposition, Pl.Phd. 97a; ἡ τῆς πιλήσεως ς. Id.Ti. 58b; ἡ τοῦ ὕδατος ς., viz. ice, ib. 61a; ὅσον διαχυτικὸν.. τῶν περὶ τὸ στόμα ς. whatever relaxes.. constriction in the organ of taste, ib. 60b;ἀναγκαῖον τῶν τοιούτων γίνεσθαι σύνοδον, ἀλλ' οὐ διὰ ψύξιν Arist. GA 764b7
; ἡ εἰς αὑτὸν ς. contraction of a muscle, Gal.UP12.8, cf. Id.4.391; ἡ σ. ἡ κατὰ [τὴν οὐσίαν] λεγομένη the union of matter and form, viz. the concrete object, Arist.Metaph. 1033b17; concourse, assemblage,παθῶν Longin.10.3
; of the parts of the foetus, Sor.2.64; combination of numbers, Theol.Ar.8;σημείων Gal.16.505
.2 Astron., conjunction,τῶν πλανήτων καὶ πρὸς αὑτοὺς καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἀπλανεῖς Arist. Mete. 343b30
; of the sun and moon, Plu.2.269c, IG14.2126 ([place name] Rome);ἡλίου καὶ σελήνης Gal.18(2).240
;σ. ἐκλειπτικὴ σελήνης πρὸς ἥλιον Plu. Rom.12
; αἱ ς., of the times of new moon, Zeno Stoic.1.34;αἱ τῶν μηνῶν σ. ψυχραὶ διὰ τὴν τῆς σελήνης ἀπόλειψιν Arist.GA 738a20
, cf. Thphr.Sign.5, LXX De.33.14.3 Gramm., construction, A.D.Synt. 28.11, al.III incoming of revenue,χρημάτων σύνοδοι Hdt.1.64
; revenues, ἀπὸ τῶν ς. IG11(4).1217 ([place name] Delos); τῶν φερόντων τὴν σ. τοῦ Διὸς τοῦ ξενίου ib.22.1012.15 (ii B.C.); οἱ τὴν σ. φέροντες τῷ θεῷ ib.22.1326.6. (Written sunhod-, i.e. συνὁδ-, in a Latin inscr., CIL12.2519.2,3,4 (i B.C.(?)); also synhod-, ib.6, IG14.2495 ([place name] Nemausus), CIL12.3183 (ibid.), 6.10117 ([place name] Rome).)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σύνοδος
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8 πλάξ
A anything flat and broad, esp. flat land, plain,πᾶσαν ἠπείρου πλάκα A.Pers. 718
; Φλεγραίαν π. Id.Eu. 295; νυχίαν π., of Psyttaleia (fort. μυχίαν), Id.Pers. 953 (lyr.);πλακὸς ὑλίας Berl.Sitzb.1927.7
([dialect] Locr., v B.C.);νεκύων πλάκα S.OC 1564
(lyr.); νεκρῶν πλάκες ib. 1577 (lyr.); also of sea and sky, πόντου πλάξ the ocean- plain, Pi.P.1.24 ; ; ποντία, πελαγία π., E.Fr.578.4, Ar.Ra. 1438;κατ' Αἰγαίην πόντου πλάκα BMus.Inscr.1012
(Chalcedon, i B.C./i A.D.);αἰθερία πλάξ E. El. 1349
(anap.); flat top of a hill, table-land, Σουνίου, Οἴτης π., S.Aj. 1220, Ph. 1430; ; ἀπ' ἄκρας πυργώδους πλακός from the flat top of the towering hill, S.Tr. 273;τὰς π. τοῦ ὄρους Ant.Lib.4.1
.2 flat stone, tablet,ἐργώνας τᾶν πλακῶν τᾶς τομᾶς εἰς τὸν ὀχετόν IG42(1).109
iii 154 (Epid., iii B.C.);π. ἐπιγεγραμμέναι OGI672.12
(Egypt, i A.D.), cf. Luc.Somn.3, etc.; of the Tables of the Jewish Law, αἱ π. τοῦ μαρτυρίου, τῆς διαθήκης, LXXEx. 31.18, Ep.Hebr.9.4;λίθων πλαξὶ λείαις Luc.Am.12
;οὐκ ἐν πλαξὶν λιθίναις ἀλλ' ἐν π. καρδίας 2 Ep.Cor.3.3
; tombstone, AP7.324, cf. IG 12(5).329 (pl., Paros): pl., slabs of marble, Chor.p.89 B., cf. eund. in Rev.Phil.1877.79; ὥσπερ μαρμάρου π., of ice, Jul.Mis. 341b.b πλάκες χρυσίου gold plates, Str.4.2.1;σαπφείροιο D.P.1105
; ἡ ἐντὸς π. τῶν κογχυλίων the inner surface.., Thphr.Sens.73.c ἡ π. τοῦ βαλανίου τούτου prob. part of the furnace, PMag.Osl.1.340. d. pl., flakes of ἀρσενικὸν τὸ πλακῶδες, Dsc.5.104.4 κοπτῆς πλάκες,πλακοῦντες, AP12.212 (Strat.). (Cf. Lett. plakt 'become flat'.) -
9 ἐπέρχομαι
Aἐπηρχόμην Th.4.120
(unless fr. ἐπάρχομαι: [dialect] Att. [tense] impf. is ἐπῇα (but v. ἔρχομαι ) and [tense] fut. ἔπειμι): [tense] aor. 2 ἐπῆλθον, [dialect] Ep. - ήλῠθον: [tense] pf. - ελήλυθα:I come upon:1 of persons, approach, c. dat., Il.12.200, 218, etc.; esp. come suddenly upon, Od.19.155, Hdt. 6.95: c. acc.,ἐ. πόλιν E.HF 593
codd. (nisi leg. ἐς-); come to for advice, μάντεις, μοῦσαν, Id.Supp. 155, Hel. 165, cf. Pl.Lg. 772d: with Preps.,ἐ. ἐς ποταμόν Od.7.280
, cf. S.Aj. 438: metaph.,ἐ. ἐς λόγου στάσιν Id.Tr. 1180
;ἐ. ἐς πόλεμον Th.3.47
;ἐ. ἐνθάδε Il.24.651
.b freq. in hostile sense, go or come against, attack, abs., 12.136, al., Th. 1.90, etc.: c. dat., Il.20.91, E.Ba. 736, Th.6.34, etc.: rarely c. acc.,τμήδην αὐχέν' ἐπῆλθε Il.7.262
; τὴν τῶν πέλας ἐ. invade it, Th.2.39: hence, visit, reprove, , cf. Andr. 688: with a Prep., invade,ἐπὶ τὴν οἰκίαν PFay.12.12
(ii B.C.).c come forward to speak, E.Or. 931, Th.1.119, Pl.Lg. 850c; ἐ. ἐπὶ τὸν δῆμον, ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐφόρους, Hdt.5.97, 9.7;ἐπὶ τὸ κοινόν Th.1.90
; τοῖς Αακεδαιμονίοις ib.91.d in Law, proceed against,ἐπί τινα PEleph.3.3
(iii B.C.);ἐπί τινα περί τινος PAmh.2.96.8
(iii A.D.);τινὶ περί τινος POxy.489.11
(ii A.D.); ἐπὶ πιττάκιον impugn, BGU1167.14 (i B.C.): also in [tense] aor. 1ἐπελεύσασθαι PStrassb.35.25
(ii B.C.), etc. ( ἐπιπορεύομαι (q. v.) is more common in the [tense] pres. in the Hellenistic period.)2 of events, conditions, etc., come upon, esp. come suddenly upon, c. acc.,μιν.. ἐπήλυθε νήδυμος ὕπνος Od.4.793
, al., cf. Hdt.2.141; : c. dat.,τοῖσιν ἐπήλυθε νήδυμος ὕπνος Od.12.311
, cf. 5.472;μοι νοῦσος ἐπήλυθεν 11.200
; βροτοῖσιν..ὅταν κλύδων κακῶν ἐπέλθῃ A.Pers. 600
, cf. Ag. 1256;ἐπῆλθέ μοι πάθος Pl.Lg. 811d
, etc.3 c. dat. pers., come into one's head, occur to one,ἵμερος ἐπειρέσθαι μοι ἐπῆλθε Hdt.1.30
; ὅ τι ἂν ἐπέλθῃ Lat. quicquid in buccam venerit, Isoc.12.24: impers. c. inf.,καί οἱ ἐπῆλθε πταρεῖν Hdt.6.107
, cf. S.Tr. 134 (lyr.);ἐμοὶ τοιαῦτ' ἄττα ἐ. λέγειν Pl. Grg. 485e
, etc.; alsoἐπέρχεταί με λέγειν Id.Phd. 88d
.II of Time, come on, ἐπήλυθον ὧραι the season came round again, Od.2.107, etc.; also, come on, be at hand,νὺξ δ' ἄρ' ἐπῆλθε 14.457
;γῆρας ἐ. Thgn.528
, 728;ἕκαθεν ἐπελθὼν ὁ μέλλων χρόνος Pi.O.10(11).7
; τὸ παρὸν τό τ' ἐπερχόμενον πῆμα and that which is coming, the future, A.Pr.98.III go over or on a space, traverse, mostly of persons, c. acc.,πολλὴν γαῖαν Od.4.268
;ἀγρόν 16.27
;ἄγκεα πολλά Il.18.321
, cf. Od.14.139, Hdt.1.30; go the round of, visit, ;ναοὺς χοροῖς Id.Ant. 153
(lyr.); πόλιν, of a god, Maced.Pac.29; of an officer,πύλας φυλακάς τ' ἐπῆλθον E.Ph. 699
;τὰς ξυνωμοσίας ἐπελθών Th.8.54
; walk on ice, Id.3.23; also of water, ἐπέρχεται ὁ Νεῖλος τὸ Δέλτα overflows it, Hdt.2.19, cf. A.Supp. 559 (lyr.), Th.3.89.2 go through or over, discuss, recount, c. acc., Hes.Fr.160.4 codd. Str., Ar.Eq. 618; review,τὰ εἰρημένα περί τινος Arist.EN 1172b8
; alsoἐ. περί τινος Id.Ph. 189b31
, al.; folld. by an interrog.,πειρατέον ἐπελθεῖν τίνες.. Id.Pol. 1289b24
; πῶς δεῖ.. ἐπέλθωμεν συντόμως ib. 1317a15.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπέρχομαι
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10 πάσσαλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `plug, pin, peg, to hang sth. up to' (Il.).Other forms: Att. πάτταλος.Derivatives: Dimin. πασσαλ-ίσκος (Hp.) and - ιον (H.); - ιστής H. s. κυνδαλοπαίστης (s. κύνδαλος); - εύω, often w. προσ-, also w. δια-, κατα-, `to pin, to hang up' (Hdt., Att.) with the nom. instr. - εῖον (Plb., EM); - όομαι `to be provided with π.' (sch.), προσ-όω `to pin' (Thphr.). -- Beside it πάσσᾱξ, -ᾱκος m. `id.' (Megar., Ar. Ach. 763; like πόρπᾱξ, κνώδᾱξ a.o.; Chantraine Form. 381) with - άκιον, - ακίζω (H.); πασσάριος σταυρός H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: First from *πάκι̯αλος with λ-suffix; to Lat. păc-iscor `conclude a treaty', prop. `make fast', παγ-ῆναι (with variation k: g); s. πήγνυμι. As intermediate we must posit an unknown noun: *πάσσα (\< *πακ-ι̯ᾰ), *-πασσος or *πάσσων (cf. on κνώδαλον)?; diff. Benveniste Origines 47 (s. also Schwyzer 483 w. n. 8). Independent, but also with l-suffix, Lat. pālus (from * pac-s-lo-s); here also Toch. A pyākäṣ (B pyāśi) `pole, stake' (Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 159)? -- Lat. LW [loanword] pessulus `bolt' (on the meaning Rocco Glotta 32, 99); s. W.-Hofmann s.v. -- Derivation from *ph2k- is improbable: a pin has not become stiff (like ice). It has been sfatened, fixed to a wal or a pillar. The suffix - αλ- is pre-Greek, cannot be IE. (The words in -ᾱκ- seem Pre-Greek.) So prob. the whole word is Pre-Greek (*paky-al-)?Page in Frisk: 2,477Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πάσσαλος
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11 ἐπιπλέω
A- πλεύσομαι Th.3.16
: [tense] aor. 1 - έπλευσα ib.80, [dialect] Ion.- έπλωσα Hdt.1.70
: [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 2sg. [tense] aor. 2 ἐπέπλως, part. ἐπιπλώς, but (Il.3.47) ἐπιπλώσας:— sail upon or over, ἐπέπλεονὑγρὰ κέλευθα Il.1.312
, Od.4.842;πόντον ἐπιπλώων 5.284
; πόντονἐπέπλως 3.15
;ἐπιπλὼς εὐρέα πόντον Il.6.291
; ἐπιπλεῖν ἁλμυρὸνὕδωρ Od.9.227
, etc.II. sail against, attack by sea,νηυσὶ ἐ. τινί Hdt.5.86
;τῇ Κερκύρᾳ Th.3.76
;ἐπὶ τὰς Μινδάρου ναῦς X.HG1.5.11
, etc.;ἐπὶ τὴν Σαλαμῖνα D.S.20.50
: abs., Hdt.1.70, 6.33; also of the ships, Th.3.80: generally, sail on, Plb.1.25.4, etc.III. sail on board a ship, Hdt.7.98, 8.67, Th.2.66; of commanders, τοὺς ἐπὶ τῶννεῶν ἐ. στρατηγούς Hdt.5.36
; [ ναύαρχος] Th.3.16; ξύμβουλος ib.76;ταμίας D.49.14
; also ἐ. ταῖς ἐμπορίαις sail in charge of, Id.56.8; and ὁ ἐπιπλέων the supercargo, Id.32.12;οἱ ἐπιπλεύσαντες ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐλαίου PCair.Zen.77.2
(iii B.C.).IV. of a naval commander, sail past (in order to address, cf. ἐπιπάρειμι (B)4),τοὺς κυβερνήτας καὶ τριηράρχους Plu.Lys.11
.V. sail after,ἐπὶ παντὶ τῷ στόλῳ Plb.1.50.5
; sail up afterwards, ib.25.4.VI. float upon, ἐπ' αὐτοῦ (sc. τοῦ ὕδατος) Hdt.3.23;ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάσσης Arist.HA 622b6
;ἐπὶ τῷ ὕδατι Id.Mete. 384b17
; slip, slide upon ice, Plb.3.55.2,4.VII. overflow (of a river), gloss on ἄρδειν, interpol. in App.BC2.153; μέχρι ἐπιπλεύσῃ until (the water) covers the substance, PHolm.21.29.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπιπλέω
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12 κρυσταλλοειδής
κρυσταλλο-ειδής, ές,A like ice,πῆξις Epicur.Ep.2p.45U.
, cf. LXX Wi.19.21; v.l. for - ώδης in Str.4.6.6. Adv. -δῶς Placit.2.11.2
.II like crystal,ἰασπίς Dsc.5.142
; κ. ὑγρόν the crystalline lens, Ruf.Onom. 153, Gal.UP8.5, al.;κ. χιτών Poll.2.71
: Astron., τὸ κ. the crystalline sphere, Placit.2.14.3.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κρυσταλλοειδής
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13 χάλαζα
A hail (cf. Pl.Ti. 59e, Arist.Mu. 394b1),ὄμβρον.. ἠὲ χάλαζαν ἢ νιφετόν Il.10.6
, cf. 15.170, Apoc.8.7, etc.: pl., X. Oec.5.18, Pl.Smp. 188b, R. 397a;χ. στρογγύλαι
hailstones,Ar.
Nu. 1127(troch.);ἀπὸ τῶν χαλαζῶν.. ἄπαγε σεαυτόν Id.Ra. 852
: metaph., any pelting shower,ὀμβρία χ. S.OC 1503
;χ. αἵματος Pi.I.7(6).27
.II any small knot like a hailstone,2 small cyst, such as grows on the eyelid, Gal. 19.437, Poll.4.198, etc. -
14 κρύσταλλος
κρύσταλλος, ου, ὁ (κρύος ‘frost’) rock-crystal (so Diod S 2, 52, 2; Strabo 15, 1, 67; Dio Chrys. 12 [13], 34; Aelian, NA 15, 8; Arrian, Anab. 3, 4, 4 of a kind of salt: καθαρὸς ὥσπερ κρύσταλλος; Is 54:12; TestAbr A 12 p. 90, 22 [Stone p. 28]; ApcEsdr 5:23 p. 30, 27 Tdf.; EpArist 67; Philo, Somn. 1, 21) Rv 4:6 (cp. PLond I, 130, 150 p. 137 [I/II A.D.] ὁμοία κρυστάλλῳ; Aëtius p. 4, 2 προσέοικε κρυστάλλῳ); 22:1. Or is it prob. that, since κ. is compared w. θάλασσα and ποταμὸς ὕδατος in the two pass., the older mng. ice (Hom.; Hdt.; Antig. Car. 144; Diod S 3, 34, 2; 17, 82, 5; Longus 3, 3, 2; Job 6:16; Wsd 16:22; Jos., Ant. 1, 30; TestLevi 3:2; SibOr 14, 151, Fgm. 1, 34) is to be preferred?—B. 69. DELG s.v. κρύος. M-M. -
15 χιών
A snow, in Hom. mostly of fallen snow, Il.10.7, 22.152;ὡς δὲ χ. κατατήκετ' ἐν.. ὄρεσσιν Od.19.205
;ὕπερθε χ. γένετ' ἠΰτε πάχνη 14.476
; ; ἐπὶ χιόνι πεσούσῃ ibid., cf.4.50;Ἰδαία χ. A.Ag. 564
;ἥλιος.. τήκει πετραίαν χιόνα Id.Fr.300.5
;καί νιν.. χιὼν οὐδαμὰ λείπει S.Ant. 830
(lyr.); also of falling snow, ὥς τε νιφάδες χιόνος πίπτωσι θαμειαί thick fall the snow-flakes, Il.12.278;χ. πίπτουσα Hdt.4.31
;κατένειψε χιόνι τὴν Θρᾴκην Ar.Ach. 138
;ὅταν βορέας χιόνα χέῃ E.Cyc. 329
, cf. Ba. 662;ἐπιπίπτει χ. X.An.4.4.11
;χιόνες πολλαὶ γίνονται Thphr.Sign.24
: [χ.] σφοδρὰ καὶ ἀθρόα καταφερομένη νιφετὸς ὠνόμασται Arist.Mu. 394a36
.II snow-water, 'ice-coldwater,Θρῄκην χιόνι.. κατάρρυτον E.Andr. 215
;χ. ποταμία Id.Tr. 1067
(lyr.); used to cool wine,εἰ χιών ἐστ' ὠνία Euthycl.1
;οἶνον πιεῖν.. χιόνι μεμιγμένον Stratt.57
;χιόνα πίνειν Alex.141.10
;τοῦ θέρους χιόνα.. ζητεῖς Χ. Mem.2.1.30
;ἡδὺ θέρους.. χιὼν ποτόν AP5.168
(Ascl.): rare in pl., Arist.Mu. 394a16. [[pron. full] ῐ by nature, [pron. full] ῑ [dialect] Ep. metri gr.] (Cf. Skt. himás 'cold, winter', Lat. hiems, Avest. zyam- 'winter', etc.) -
16 ὑδατώδης
ὑδᾰτ-ώδης, ες,A watery,οὖρον Hp.Prog.12
, cf. Epid.1.26. ί, Sor.1.59, al.; opp. αἱματώδης, Arist.HA 586a29; [ἄνεμος] ὑ. Id.Mete. 364b21
; [νέφος] -έστερον ib. 377b6; of signs of the Zodiac, Vett.Val.6.4; ὑ. κρύσταλλος, of melting ice, wet, sloppy, Th.3.23; of taste, watery, insipid, Thphr.HP4.10.3.2 dropsical, Hp.Epid.6.7.4.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑδατώδης
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